摘    要:  

　　“浑言则同，析言则异”要根据语言的实际运用情况加以分析。有一个限定性义素不相同，可以是近义词，也可能是同义词。同义词形成的一个原因是一些不同地域、不同时代的词义相同的词进入到同一个语言系统中。反义词如果只是词义相反，而在语言运用中不作反义使用，就不是严格的反义词。 

　　关 键 词:  

　　浑言则同，析言则异; 地有南北，时有古今; 严格的反义词 

　　作者简介： 

　　蒋绍愚，北京大学中文系、清华大学人文学院教授。 

　　（本文刊于《北京大学学报》（哲学社会科学版）第52卷第3期P.174-1）

　　Some Problems on Synonym and Antonym 

　　JIANG Shaoyu 

　　Abstract:  

　　Whether the meanings of two words are the same or different must be examined by the practical use of the language itself．If the restrictive semantic components of two words are different，the two words may be either a near synonym，or a full synonym．One of the reasons why a synonym is formed is the coming of a word with the same meaning from different places or different times into the same language system．If two word shave opposite meanings，but are not used as antonyms in the practical use，they are not strict antonyms． 

　　Key words:  

　　The meanings of two words are the same in generality，but different in analysis; different placesand different times，strict antonym